Which of the following organs is transplanted based on blood type and HLA typing?

The kidneys are indeed transplanted based on blood type and HLA typing because of the need for compatibility between the donor and the recipient. Blood type compatibility is crucial to prevent acute rejection immediately after the transplant, as incompatible blood types can trigger a rapid and severe immune response. In addition to blood typing, HLA (human leukocyte antigen) typing is vital. HLA markers are proteins found on the surface of cells that play a critical role in the body's immune response. Matching HLA types between donor and recipient increases the likelihood of transplant acceptance and reduces the risk of rejection.

While hearts, livers, and intestines are also matched based on blood type, HLA typing is especially significant in kidney transplants. The kidneys can tolerate less strict matching compared to other organs, which makes donors more readily available. However, to optimize the transplant success rate and minimize rejection rates, both blood type and HLA matching are fundamental in the kidney transplant process.